Causes of Frozen Shoulder

While the exact causes of frozen shoulder are not fully understood, several factors have been identified as potential contributors to the development of this condition. 

• One of the primary risk factors is diabetes. Individuals with diabetes are more prone to developing frozen shoulder, and the condition may be more severe in these individuals.
• Other risk factors include shoulder trauma or injury, prolonged immobilization of the shoulder joint, and certain medical conditions such as thyroid disorders and Parkinson’s disease. 
• The underlying mechanism behind frozen shoulder involves inflammation and thickening of the shoulder joint capsule. This leads to the formation of adhesions and scar tissue, which restrict the movement of the shoulder joint. The exact reason why this process occurs is still unclear, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response or changes in the composition of the joint fluid. 

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

• The primary symptoms of frozen shoulder include pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. The pain is typically dull or aching and may be more pronounced at night or during sudden movements. 
• Stiffness, on the other hand, leads to a limited range of motion, making it difficult to perform everyday tasks that involve shoulder movement. Simple activities like reaching for an object or lifting something overhead can become challenging and painful. 

The symptoms of frozen shoulder usually develop gradually and worsen over time. They may persist for months or even years, depending on the individual. It’s important to note that frozen shoulder can affect both shoulders, although it typically occurs on one side initially. 

Treatment Options for Frozen Shoulder

Treatment for frozen shoulder aims to relieve pain, improve shoulder mobility, and restore function. The approach may vary depending on the stage and severity of the condition. 

• Non-surgical treatments are usually recommended initially, with surgical intervention considered if conservative measures fail to provide relief. 
• Physical therapy is a key component of the non-surgical treatment for frozen shoulder. A physical therapist can guide you through specific exercises and stretches designed to improve shoulder mobility and reduce pain. These exercises may include range-of-motion exercises, stretching exercises, and strengthening exercises. 
• In addition to physical therapy, pain medications may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain associated with frozen shoulder. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be administered directly into the shoulder joint to provide temporary pain relief and reduce inflammation. 
• If non-surgical treatments fail to provide adequate relief, surgical interventions may be considered. These procedures aim to release the tight and thickened joint capsule, allowing for improved shoulder mobility. Surgical options include arthroscopic releases, manipulation under anesthesia, and open surgical releases.